By MICHAEL COUSINEAU
New Hampshire Union Leader Staff
Sunday, Jun. 28, 2009
Recent rainy weather has fueled the growth of a bacteria that researchers suspect could cause “Lou Gehrig’s Disease,” and has required the state to post more warnings on the state’s lakes and ponds this year.
But the state has an extensive system to test many of the its 950 lakes and ponds, and residents and tourists alike shouldn’t fear going into the water, according to Jody Connor, a limnologist with the state Department of Environmental Services.
“I think we’ll find New Hampshire waters are very safe to swim in, and among the clearest in the United States,” Connor said.
The New Hampshire Sunday News reported this month that researchers found the risk of developing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disease known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease or ALS, was 25 times higher than the norm for residents near Macoma Lake in Enfield.
Doctors and scientists at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon say there is strong evidence that cyanobacteria — single-celled organisms that form on lakes and ponds, and release harmful toxins — might be a trigger for the development of ALS.
This month, the state has issued warnings about high levels of cyanobacteria for six lakes and ponds, though only one remains in effect, for Willand Pond in Dover and Somersworth.
“Typically, we don’t have a lot of cyanobacteria problems until late July or early August,” Connor said, noting June usually has only one warning. “I think the weather has a lot to do with it. What’s causing the cyanobacteria cells to increase is the phosphorous that’s coming from the water shed. It could be from fertilizers. It could be road runoff.”
Extensive monitoring
Cheryl Keeler of Merrimack said she grew up in Enfield Center and swam in Mascoma Lake 30 or 35 years ago before she read the recent news of the increased ALS levels.
“When I saw it, it made my heart drop,” she said.
Last year, her brother-in-law, Charles Keeler, died of ALS, and she wonders whether his death was tied to swimming in New Hampshire lakes, including Mascoma. Still, she plans to go camping soon along White Lake. “That won’t stop us, unless there’s something posted as warnings,” she said. “I don’t think it will hurt tourism.”
James Haney, who heads the University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology and has studied cyanobacteria for 15 years, said New Hampshire, unlike many other states, has a system in place to respond to cyanobacteria blooms, or concentrations.
“I would send people to New Hampshire first of all because they’re better protected here than elsewhere,” he said.
Haney and his team are using a sophisticated detector to measure cyanobacteria levels. They flash a green light at suspected areas and can confirm whether the bacteria is present if a red glow appears, he said.
Earlier this month, Haney said Willand Pond “looked pretty good” on the surface.
But below the water line, concentrations “were extremely high, even though you couldn’t see it,” Haney said. “There was a danger lurking below the surface.” New testing Friday revealed the high levels had shifted from the pond’s south side to its north end, he said.
In a lake with high concentrations of cyanobacteria, “the greatest danger is if you ingest it,” he said. “Touching the water is probably unlikely to cause any serious problem.”
Warnings issued
So far this month, the state has issued warnings, now expired, for high levels of cyanobacteria for Mascoma Lake, Locke Lake in Barnstead, Harvey Lake in Northwood, Goose Pond in Canaan, and Lake Monomonac in Rindge and Winchendon, Mass.
Cyanobacteria warnings
Six ponds and lakes have been under a cyanobacteria warning this month. The state discontinued all but one, for Willand Pond.
| Body of water |
Town(s) |
| Mascoma Lake |
Enfield |
| Locke Lake |
Barnstead |
| Harvey Lake |
Northwood |
| Goose Pond |
Canaan |
| Lake Monomonac |
Rindge/Winchendon, Mass. |
| Willand Pond |
Dover/Somersworth |
Source: N.H. Department of Environmental Services
MICHAEL COUSINEAU/SUNDAY NEWS
“Toxins can cause both acute and chronic health effects ranging in severity from skin and mucous membrane irritations, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea to liver and central nervous system damage,” state environmental officials warned in a statement.
DES suggests people and their pets avoid contact with the water where there is a surface scum or blue-green flecks.
This Wednesday in Concord, Connor will host a workshop on the topic for more than 70 people, including municipal workers and lakeshore residents.
He said New Hampshire was the first state to start a program to monitor cyanobacteria, at least five years ago. The state checks 180 public beaches for cyanobacteria and has volunteers who monitor about 200 lakes and bring samples to the state for analysis, Connor said.
“The thing people don’t understand with cyanobacteria is, it’s worldwide. It’s not just in New Hampshire lakes,” Connor said, noting most bodies of water contain only minute amounts.
DES, UNH and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center have submitted a proposal for a four-year grant to study cyanobacteria and its possible link to ALS, Haney said.
“It’s a very compelling argument that can be made that there is a possible link between these two: ALS and cyanobacteria toxins found in some of the lakes,” he said. “However, until we test that hypothesis, we won’t know.”
Many Mascoma Lake residents became concerned after the ALS reports surfaced, according to Andrea LaMoreaux, education director of the New Hampshire Lakes Association.
“We did get calls from Lake Mascoma (residents), ‘I have company coming next week. Can they swim in the lake?’” she said. “Absolutely, unless you see a bloom in that area, we would recommend people swim in the water.”
LaMoreaux said the “ALS report does not raise our level of concern. There’s still a lot of science to be done to show a link.”
As far as the state’s lakes, she added: “We don’t want people to be afraid to use the water. We just want people to be educated about what’s in the water.”